TOL plasmid transfer during bacterial conjugation in vitro and rhizoremediation of oil compounds in vivo

Molecular profiling methods for horizontal transfer of aromatics-degrading plasmids were developed and applied during rhizoremediation in vivo and conjugations in vitro. pWW0 was conjugated from Pseudomonas to Rhizobium. The xylE gene was detected both in Rhizobium galegae bv. officinalis and bv. orientalis, but it was neither stably maintained in orientalis nor functional in officinalis. TOL plasmids were a major group of catabolic plasmids among the bacterial strains isolated from the oil-contaminated rhizosphere of Galega orientalis. A new finding was that some Pseudomonas migulae and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans strains harbored a TOL plasmid with both pWW0- and pDK1-type xylE gene. P. oryzihabitans 29 had received the archetypal TOL plasmid pWW0 from Pseudomonas putida PaW85. As an application for environmental biotechnology, the biodegradation potential of oil-polluted soil and the success of bioremediation could be estimated by monitoring changes not only in the type and amount but also in transfer of degradation plasmids.     

关于推进山海关生态区建设的思考

通过对山海关区社会、经济、环境现状进行分析，提出了生态区建设的优势以及存在的困难和问题。从实际出发，对生态区的建设提出要统筹规划，分步实施，特别是在生态产业（农业、工业、旅游业）、生态环境、生态人居和生态文化等方面提出了切实可行的措施。     

山区的一种特殊灾害生态现象研究

山区泥石流发生后的泥石流滩地呈现复杂多样的生态过程，是山区所特有的一种灾害生态现象，在人烟稀少的较高海拔，泥石流滩地植物生长表现为一种自然恢复过程。通过贡嘎山东坡高海拔黄崩溜沟泥石流滩地上发生的灾害生态现象和过程的实地研究、发现泥石流滩地植物的生态过程和群落特征，可以揭示近代泥石流的形成时间和自然植被生态系统的演替规律。研究表明，加强泥石灾害生态现象的研究，可以促进灾害学与生态学科的渗透，具有重要     

江苏海洋开发的资源环境条件评述

江苏海洋的区位优越，海域广阔，环境条件总体有利，海洋资源种类多，数量大，具有综合开发功能，而且资源和环境的区域组合良好，有利于海洋产业的集约经营和协调发展，但也存在不少限制因素，如深水区离岸较远，海底矿产勘探程度低，自然灾害较多等。应根据实际情况确定本省海洋的开发战略。     

环境中氡水平及其对人体健康危害

简介了环境中氡的水平、污染来源、变化规律、对人体的健康危害及防治措施。 并提示，新疆环境中氡的调查研究应引起有关部门的重视，对于氡及子体致癌机理、 多因素的综合 影响及危险估计等都待深入研究以及加紧氡的测量方法的研制。     

Degradation characteristics and metabolic pathway of 17alpha-ethynylestradiol by Sphingobacterium sp. JCR5

A 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2)-degrading bacterium was isolated from the activated sludge of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of an oral contraceptives producing factory in Beijing, China. On the basis of its morphology, biochemical properties and the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, this strain was identified as Sphingobacterium sp. JCR5. This strain grew on EE2 as sole source of carbon and energy, and metabolized up to 87% of the substrate added (30 mgl-1) within 10 d at 30 degrees C. In addition to EE2 the strain could be cultivated on steroidal estrogens like estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and mestranol (MeEE2), the intermediates of contraceptive medicine processing and on some aromatic compounds. Mass spectrum analysis of the EE2 degradation showed that in the first step it is oxygenized to E1, 2-hydroxy-2,4-dienevaleric acid and 2-hydroxy-2,4-diene-1,6-dioic acid, which are the main catabolic intermediates. The former was analogous to the pathway of a previously reported testosterone-degrading bacterium Comamonas testosteroni TA441 and the latter is a metabolite with a different cleavage position of 3-hydroxy-4,5-9,10-disecoestrane-1(10),2-diene-5,9,17-trione-4-oic acid from the former.     

A numerical simulation model of cyclic hardening behavior of AC4C-T6 for LNG cargo pump using finite element analysis

This paper is concerned with the evaluation of cyclic hardening models within the stress–strain behavior of aluminum alloy AC4C-T6 that can be used to LNG cargo pump operating in cryogenic temperature. To insure the strength assessment of LNG cargo pump, material model of cyclic hardening and plasticity for aluminum alloy AC4C-T6 is investigated through FEA (Finite Element Analysis) with various hardening options including linear and non-linear hardening, isotropic and kinematic hardening, and combined hardening model. Monotonic tensile and cyclic tensile experiments for AC4C-T6 alloy were performed at room temperature and temperature of ?165 °C. Parameters of each hardening model are obtained from the experimental data; thus five hardening models are numerically simulated thereafter. Appropriate hardening models which describe the cyclic stress–strain relationship are investigated through the simulations of cyclic hardening behavior by FEA. In order to verify the predicted behavior of cyclic hardening obtained by FEA, the results of FEA and those measured by experiments are compared.     

翻堆频率对猪粪条垛堆肥过程温室气体和氨气排放的影响

我国畜禽粪便堆肥过程中有关温室气体(CH4、N2O)和NH3排放的基础数据十分缺乏,难以满足我国畜禽粪便温室气体减排的需求.本研究以猪粪为研究对象,通过现场试验和原位观测,考察翻堆频率对猪粪条垛堆肥过程中温室气体和氨气排放的影响.结果表明,翻堆频率对猪粪条垛堆肥过程的温室气体(CH4、N2O)和氨气排放均具有显著影响,不仅提高了温室气体和氨气的排放,而且加大了氨气排放所占总氮损失的比例(对照组42.2%、试验组70.05%).与N2O相比,CH4是猪粪条垛堆肥过程中CO2排放当量的主要贡献者.     

絮凝过程中絮体生长的多重分形行为

为了研究絮体在絮凝过程中生长的多重分形行为,对用PFS(聚合硫酸铁)处理高岭土原水时混凝过程中絮体生长段的絮体图像进行采集和分析;分析图像多重分形谱及其特征参数行进趋势,而且针对絮体生长规律着重对絮体形态及其分布的演变情况进行了定量化描述.结果表明,随着絮体生长的进行,多重分形谱图的形态由左钩状逐渐转变为右钩状,描述絮体分布均匀性的多重分形谱谱宽Δα由50 s时的1.0213逐渐增大至250 s时的1.3659,Δf(α)的数值大小由于大概率和小概率絮体主导地位的改变而由负转正,f(α)max所表示的简单分形维数由1.9995逐渐降至1.7762.     

美洲商陆（Phytolacca Americana L.）对铀的富集特征及根际微生物群落功能多样性的响应

在模拟低(25 mg·kg-1)、中(50 mg·kg-1)、高(100 mg·kg-1)剂量铀污染的条件下,采用盆栽试验,研究了美洲商陆富集铀的特点及铀污染对根际微生物群落的影响.结果表明,铀污染对美洲商陆生长的影响可能存在一个阈值,该阈值介于25~50 mg·kg-1之间,低于该阈值时,铀污染能够促进美洲商陆的生长,反之,则会抑制美洲商陆的生长.美洲商陆成熟时,根、茎和叶的最大铀富集量分别为131.69、9.87和45.33μg,是一种较为理想的修复铀尾矿的植物.Biolog-Eco测试结果表明,土壤中铀会对美洲商陆根际微生物群落产生负效应,铀胁迫可使根际微生物代谢迟缓,对碳源的选择发生转移,对糖类、羧酸类和胺类碳源的利用显著减少,对酚酸类碳源的利用显著增加;同时,铀胁迫可导致根际微生物群落功能多样性指数、均匀度指数及优势微生物种类降低.最后,利用培养96 h的平均吸光值进行聚类和主成分分析.结果表明,铀胁迫下美洲商陆根际微生物群落异于对照,美洲商陆根际微生物对铀胁迫的适应是以降低对糖类、羧酸类和胺类等碳源的利用为代价的.